SOLVED PAST PAPER PROJECT MANAGEMENT 2017
Short Questions.
What is Project?
Simply put, a project is a series of tasks that need to be completed to reach a specific outcome. A project can also be defined as a set of inputs and outputs required to achieve a particular goal. for example: build a garage, run a marketing campaign, develop a website, organize a party, go on vacation.
Types of Projects:
⦁ (1) Manufacturing Projects:
⦁ (2) Construction Projects:
⦁ (3) Management Projects:
⦁ (4) Research Projects:
2.Define quality with respect to triple constraints?
The challenge of every project is to make it work and be successful within the Triple Constraint; the Triple Constraint being quality (scope), cost (resources) and schedule (time). These three elements of a project are known to work in tandem with one another.
Quality
Quality is not a part of the project management triangle, but it is the ultimate objective of every delivery. Hence, the project management triangle represents implies quality.
3. Differentiate between software development life cycle and project life cycle?
A: The Project Life Cycle (PLC) focuses on the phases, processes, tools, knowledge and skills for managing a project. The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) focuses on creating and
implementing the project’s product or the application.
4.Explain projectized organization?
A Projectized organization works by arranging activities into portfolios or programs and executing them through projects. In these types of structures, the project manager is the final authority over the project they are handling. The team that is working on the project reports solely to them.
Advantages Of Projectized Organizations
⦁ The team members have a clear line of communication with a single authoritative project manager at the helm.
⦁ With the team working together in the same place, there are faster responses to the client needs and the completion of the project is achieved on time.
Disadvantages Of Projectized Organizations
⦁ Too much authority for one person can cause arrogance and problems for the team members in some cases.
⦁ Projects have tight schedules and deadlines which makes the job environment a bit stressful for everyone.
5. Name techniques of budget estimation?
The approximate total project cost, called the cost estimate, is used to authorize a project's budget and manage its costs. Professional estimators use defined techniques to create cost estimates that are used to assess the financial feasibility of projects, to budget for project costs, and to monitor project spending.
Major project estimation techniques
⦁ Top-down estimate. ...
⦁ Bottom-up estimate. ...
⦁ Expert judgment. ...
⦁ Comparative or analogous estimation. ...
⦁ Parametric model estimating. ...
⦁ Three-point estimating.
6. List reasons why organizations use ͞benchmarking͟?
There are 7 reasons for business to use benchmarking
⦁ 1. Efficiency and Effectiveness 5. Instigates Innovation from Inspiration
⦁ 2. Improves Performance Potential 6. Understanding the Competition
⦁ 3. Expanding Your Business's Horizons 7. Insight into Present Performance
⦁ 4. Helps to Motivate Staff
7.List the tools and techniques for performing risk quantitative analysis?
Some of the techniques of quantitatively determining probability and impact of a risk include:
⦁ Interviewing.
⦁ Cost and time estimating.
⦁ Delphi technique.
⦁ Historical Records.
⦁ Expert judgment.
⦁ Expected monetary value analysis.
⦁ Monte Carlo Analysis.
⦁ Decision tree.
⦁
8. Enlist the process involved in Project Communication Management?
Project communication management is a collection of processes that help make sure the right messages are sent, received, and understood by the right people. Project communication management is one of the 10 key knowledge areas in the PMBOK (Project Management Book of Knowledge).
Major process include;-
Project Communications Management includes the processes that are required to ensure timely and appropriate planning, collection, creation, distribution, storage, retrieval, management, control, monitoring, and the ultimate disposition of project information.
9.Explain RACI Charts?
RACI stands for Responsibility assignment matrix
A RACI chart, also known as a RACI matrix or RACI model, is a diagram that identifies the key roles and responsibilities of users against major tasks within a project. RACI charts serve as a visual representation of the functional role played by each person on a project team. Creating these charts is also an excellent exercise in balancing workload ...
which are the four different roles that people can be assigned in the chart.
1.Responsible 2. Accountable 3. Consulted 4. Informed
10. Define project baseline?
A baseline in project management is a clearly defined starting point for your project plan. It is a fixed reference point to measure and compare your project's progress against. This allows you to assess the performance of your project over time.
Example of a project baseline
Take this social media marketing campaign as a simple project baseline example:
Your employer has asked you to create a social media campaign to coincide with the launch of a new product. You are allotted a project budget, and your goal is to build brand awareness and encourage early sales of the product.
LONG QUESTIONS:
1. Explain Time Management in detail?
A: Project Time Management includes the processes required to ensure timely completion of the project. The followings are major processes in developing the project time schedule:
⦁ Activity Definition
Identifying the specific activities that must be performed to produce the various project deliverables.
⦁ Activity Sequencing
Identifying and documenting interactivity dependencies.
⦁ Activity Duration Estimating
Estimating the number of work periods that will be needed to complete individual activities.
⦁ Schedule Development
Analyzing activity sequences, activity durations, and resource requirements to create the project schedule.
(e) Schedule Control
Controlling changes to the project schedule.
These processes interact with each other and with the processes in the other knowledge areas as well. Each process may involve effort from one or more individuals or groups of individuals, based on the needs of the project. Each process generally occurs at least once in every project phase
Q#2 Define software Configuration Management? Explain its processes in details by taking relevant examples?
Software configuration management (SCM) is a software engineering discipline consisting of standard processes and techniques often used by organizations to manage the changes introduced to its software products. SCM is also known as software control management.
The four procedures typically found in a reliable software configuration management system are:
1. Configuration identification
2. Configuration control
3. Configuration status documentation
4. Configuration audits
1. Configuration identification is the procedure by which attributes are identified that defines all the properties of a configuration item. A configuration item referred to as an object is a product that supports use by an end user. These attributes are recorded in configuration documents or database tables and baselined.
A baseline may also be specialized as a specific type of baseline, such as
1. Functional baseline—initial specifications, contract specifications, regulations, design specifications, etc.
2. Allocated baseline—state of work products once requirements have been approved.
3. Developmental baseline—status of work products while in development.
4. Product baseline—contains the contents of the project to be released.
2. Configuration change control is a set of processes and approval stages required to change a configuration object’s attributes and to rebaseline them.
3. Configuration status accounting is the ability to record and report on the configuration baselines associated with each configuration object at any point in time.
4. Configuration audits are divided into functional and physical configuration audits. An audit occurs at the time of delivery of a project or at the time a change is made. A functional configuration audit is intended to make sure that functional and performance attributes of a configuration object are achieved. A physical configuration audit attempts to ensure that a configuration object is installed based on the requirements of its design specifications
Past Paper 2016
Short Questions
Q#1 Define Project?
Solved in 201
Q#2 Enlist important skills and competences for Project managers?
A: Important skills: -
⦁ Communication
⦁ Leadership
⦁ Team management
⦁ Negotiation
⦁ Personal organization
⦁ Risk management
Competencies: -
⦁ Execution
⦁ Decision Making
⦁ Strategy Development
⦁ Technical Competence
⦁ Critical Thinking
Q#3 What are main processes involved in Project scope management just enlisted?
⦁ Plan scope management
⦁ Collect requirement
⦁ Define scope
⦁ Create the work break down structure
⦁ Validate scope
⦁ Control scope
Q#4 What is WBS and WBS dictionary?
WBS Dictionary is a document that provides detailed information about each element in the WBS, including work packages and control accounts.
A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) outlines project work by decomposing the work activities into different levels of tasks. The WBS is deliverable oriented document that defines the total scope of the project.
Q#5 Describe two types of software that can assist in Project quality management?
⦁ Spreadsheet software, database
⦁ Charting software
⦁ Statistical software, and other specified software are greatly useful in project quality management
Q#6 What do you mean by hierarchy of needs theory?
Self-actualization: Our need to actualize our potential as humans. Because each of us is unique, this need expresses itself uniquely for each individual.
Esteem: Our needs for achievement, adequacy, recognition, status, appreciation, and mastery.
Belongingness and love: Our needs to give and receive affection, to relate to other people, family, and friends.
Safety: Our needs for security, stability, and freedom from fear and anxiety.
Physiological: Our fundamental needs for food, water, sleep, touch, shelter, sex, and exercise.
Q#7 If there are 12 team members, how many communication channels will be there?
The total number of potential communication channels is n (n-1)/2 where n represents the number of stakeholders.
Total Team Member 12 than n is equal to 12
= 12(12-1)/2
= 12(11)/2
= 132/2
= 66 communication channels
Q#8 Briefly explain five basic techniques (modes for handling conflicts) conflicts resolution?
⦁ Accommodating
⦁ Avoiding
⦁ Collaborating
⦁ Compromising
⦁ Competing
Q#9 How to acquiring the Project team?
Acquiring a project team is the process of obtaining the people needed to accomplish the project. Sometimes the project management team has control over the selection process. When selecting teammates, there are several base considerations which need to be evaluated. While selecting and deciding on team members, the following acquiring project team criteria should be considered:
1. experience 2. Interest level. 3.Qualifications 4. Availability 5. Knowledge.
Q#10 Explain responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)?
RACI is an acronym that stands for responsible, accountable, consulted and informed. A RACI chart is a matrix of all the activities or decision-making authorities undertaken in an organization set against all the people or roles.
Past Paper 2015
Short Questions
Q#1 Name and shortly explain triple constraints?
Solved in 201
Q#2 Enlist Important Skills and completeness for project manager?
Solved in 201
Q#3 Differentiate direct and indirect cost with examples?
Direct Costs: Direct costs are expenses that are billed directly to the project. Direct costs are costs that can be directly related to producing the products and services of the project.
For example, the salaries of people working full time on the project and the cost of hardware and software purchased specifically for the project are direct costs.
Indirect Costs: Indirect costs are costs that are shared and allocated among several or all projects. Indirect costs are costs that are not directly related to the products or services of the project, but are indirectly related to performing the project.
For example, the cost of electricity, paper towels, and so on in a large building housing a thousand employees who work on many projects would be indirect costs.
Q#4 Define Benchmarking?
Solved in
Q#5 Differentiate quality control and quality assurance?
Solved in 201
Q#6 Differentiate Project and Program?
Solved in 201
Q#7 Differentiate qualitative risk analysis and quantitative risk analysis?
Qualitative Quantitative
risk-level project-level
subjective evaluation of probability and impact probabilistic estimates of time and cost
quick and easy to perform time consuming
no special software or tools required may require specialized tools
Q#8 Name the phases of Project Life Cycle?
Solved in 201
Q#9 Name three techniques of project cost estimation?
Solved in 201
Q#10 Name the phases of Team Development?
⦁ Phase 1: Forming
⦁ Phase 2: Storming
⦁ Phase 3: Norming
⦁ Phase 4: Performing
⦁ Phase 5: Adjourning
Long Questions
Q#2 (a)
PV=Rs.10,000, EV=Rs.5000, AC=Rs. 15,000
Calculate schedule variance, cost performance index, schedule performance index?
Schedule Variance: SV = EV - PV
= 5000 - 10,000
= -5000
Cost Performing Index: CPI = EV / AC
= 5000 / 15000
= 0.3333
Schedule Performing Index: SPI = EV /P V
= 5000 / 10,000
= 0.5
b)
Schedule Variance:
Project is behind or ahead schedule=?
For CPI:
CPI = EV / AC
= 5000 / 15000
= 0.33*100
= 33 %
For SPI:
SPI = EV / PV
= 5000 / 10000
= 0.5 * 100
= 50 %
For schedule variance:
SV = EV – PV
= 5000 – 10000
= -5000
Hence: SPI is less 100%. So, the project is behind schedule.
Q#3 Define software Configuration Management? Explain its processes in details by taking relevant examples?
Solved in 2017
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